[citation needed], Buffalo Bill claimed that he encountered Hickok disguised as a Confederate officer in Missouri in 1864. Wikimedia Commons Advertisement 11. This, too, was badly defaced, and was then enclosed in a cage for protection. Deadwood was overrun with miners, gunmen, and gamblers when Hickok became a peace officer there in July 1876, relying as much on his reputation as on his diminishing gun skills, which were compromised by failing eyesight. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. BA1 1UA 22nd August 2017 The couple had a daughter, who also became an accomplished performer and horseback rider. He was involved in several notable shootouts during the course of his life. Wikimedia Commons Calamity Jane poses in front of Wild Bill Hickok's grave. Hickok died immediately. A month or so later, he left their honeymoon in Cincinnati for the goldfields of the Black Hills in the Dakota Territory, where he hoped to make enough money to send for her. [9], Hickok used his late father's name, William Hickok, from 1858, and the name William Haycock during the American Civil War. Wild Bill's brother, Oliver Cromwell Hickok married and fathered five children per: Search Results from User Submitted Genealogies (only as accurate as submitter). Her friends held a fundraiser for her and the benefit proved a howling successuntil Jane began treating her generous friends to drinks. Funeral services will be held at Charlie Utter's Camp, on Thursday afternoon, August 3, 1876, at 3 o'clock P. M. All are respectfully invited to attend. In any case, Hardin appeared to have thought highly of Hickok. The event haunted Hickok for the rest of his life. Hickok and Lanihan, however, remained sheriff and deputy, respectively. On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square, standing sideways before drawing and firing their weapons. Hardin was a well-known gunfighter, and is known to have killed more than 27 men. Nick McGlashan had two children, Lennyn Annette Richardson of Unalaska (7) and Kane Wilder Hammond of Port Townsend, WA (1). [citation needed] Although he was just 39, his marksmanship and health were apparently in decline, and he had been arrested several times for vagrancy,[53] despite earning a good income from gambling and displays of showmanship only a few years earlier. Quay House, The Ambury, [12] The article was controversial wherever Hickok was known, and several frontier newspapers wrote rebuttals. Hickok never fought in another gun battle. The old cemetery was in an area that was better suited for the constant influx of new settlers to live on, so the remaining bodies there were eventually also moved up the hill to the Mount Moriah Cemetery (in the 1880s). [25][26]:136 Hickok had not been paid for some time, and was hired as a scout by General John B. Sanborn by early 1865. From William Alonzo and Polly Butler's marriage, they welcomed six children in total, and HIckon is the fourth among them all. Upon being sprung, Jane whisked into Castle City, picked up the girl, and went on her way. Jane had been hired to travel with Kohl & Middleton Dime Museums; as she purchased her ticket out of town she told railroad agent A.O. ", This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 18:12. Hickok has remained one of the most popular and iconic figures of the American Old West, and is still frequently depicted in popular culture, including literature, film, and television. McCall was brought to trial the next day. He seemed to have respect for Hickok's abilities and replied, "If Bill needs killing, why don't you kill him yourself? It was the last word on a true child of one of the wildest women of the west. In 1899, Dorsett took Jessie to live with his mother in Lewiston. Before and during Hickok's lifetime (1837-1876), the most readily available firearms were cap-and-ball, or percussion. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In court she presented the judge with a doctors certificate indicating she was in a rather delicate condition, an early euphemism for pregnant. Paramount Pictures' Western silent film Wild Bill Hickok (released on November 18, 1923) was directed by Clifford Smith and stars William S. Hart as Hickok. During Wild Bill Hickok 's life he was many things such as, an actor, gambler, lawman, and a marksman specialists. The trial did not last more than fifteen minutes.[23]. [73], Hickok's favorite guns were a pair of Colt 1851 Navy Model (.36 caliber) cap-and-ball revolvers. They initially agreed not to fight over the watch, but when Hickok saw Tutt wearing it, he warned him to stay away. As vile a character as I ever met for some cause Wild Bill incurred Coe's hatred and he vowed to secure the death of the marshal. Hickoks growing reputation for fairness and courage earned him, in 1858, a position as a constable in Monticello, Kansas. Prairie Schooners is a 1940 American Western film directed by Sam Nelson, which stars Wild Bill Elliott as Hickok. On the afternoon of August 2, 1876, he was playing cards with his back to the door, something he seldom did. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Duck Bill and Shanghai Bill In the melee that followed, Hickok shot Woods, who, most historians agree, was then attacked and ultimately killed with a hoe by Mrs. Wellman. [72] As of 2020, the flag is no longer flown. [citation needed], On August 1, 1876, Hickok was playing poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon No. In quick succession, Hickok was said to have then killed five members of McCanless gang and knocked out another before three more gang members threw him down on a bed, only to be bested in hand-to-hand combat by the knife-wielding Hickok. [26]:329 Hickok did not enjoy acting, and often hid behind scenery. Many historic sites and monuments commemorate his life, and he has been depicted numerous times in literature, film, and television. James Butler Hickok arrived in Springfield, Missouri . The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok was a 1950s TV series starring Guy Madison and Andy Devine. Wild Bill Hickok begins to establish his reputation as a gunfighter after he shoots three men during a shootout in Nebraska. He later became a lawman before settling down in Deadwood, South Dakota where he would soon meet his death. Few could help her verify the truth, and Jean McCormick was of little help. The first major description of the incident appeared in Harpers New Monthly Magazine in February 1867, six years after the fact, written by Col. George Ward Nichols, who claimed to have been told the story by Hickok in 1865. Hickok moved west in 1855 to farm and joined General James Lane's Free State. I will be. It was at this time that Hickok came across a bear blocking a road, an encounter that would become part of the lore surrounding him: Hickok shot the bear, which only angered it, and a struggle ensued, during which Hickok used a knife to slit the bears throat, but not before he was nearly crushed to death. Hickok left home at age 17 and worked as a canal boat pilot in Utica, Illinois, before heading west in 1856 to Bleeding Kansas, which was embroiled in a violent conflict over whether slavery should be permitted there. August marks of the deaths of two of the Wild West's most famous figures: Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane. Hickok managed to fire another shot, wounding the bear's paw. Hickok was bedridden for months before he went to southern Nebraska in the summer of 1861 to work at the Pony Express station at Rock Creek. He usually sat with his back to a wall so he could see the entrance, but the only seat available when he joined the game was a chair facing away from the door. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). By the end of the night most of the money had been spent, and Jane was roaring drunk. Hardin was in town under his assumed name Wesley Clemmons, but was better known to the townspeople by the alias "Little Arkansas". [10][pageneeded][11] In an 1867 article about his shootout with Davis Tutt, his surname was misspelled as Hitchcock. Perhaps most famously, Harper's New Monthly Magazine printed an account of the story in 1867, claiming Hickok had killed 10 men. Martha (her name wasnt even Jane) had several husbands and a daughter, Jessie, who died in Los Angeles in 1960. In 1876, Hickok was shot and killed while playing poker in a saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory (present-day South Dakota) by Jack McCall, an unsuccessful gambler. ", Rosa, Joseph G. (1977). [29][30], Two days later, Hickok was arrested for murder. According to the Harpers account, Hickok, while guiding a detachment of Union cavalry through southern Nebraska, decided to stop and visit an old friend, Wellmans wife, at Rock Creek Station. [54], Charles Snyder, the Lucien Howe Librarian of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, said "Granular conjunctivitis, ophtalmia, trachomacall it what you willwas common on the Western Frontier. Hickok left his new bride a few months later, joining Charlie Utter's wagon train to seek his fortune in the gold fields of South Dakota. McCormick had a lot of written proof too, which was largely believed by those who met her. He noted that the sound was similar to tapping a brick wall and believed the remains weighed more than 400lb (180kg). His own show, The Daring Buffalo Chase of the Plains, did not fare well, but in 1873 he joined Buffalo Bill Codys The Scouts of the Prairie, which was based in Rochester, New York. To be entitled to acquittal on the ground of self-defense, he must have been anxious to avoid a conflict, and must have used all reasonable means to avoid it. Hickok joined the antislavery Free State Army of Jayhawkers and, having already become skilled with a gun as a youth, served as a bodyguard for Gen. James H. Lanes. Calamity Jane. Citizens warned Mulvey to behave, because Hickok was sheriff. Hardin left Kansas before Hickok could arrest him. This was the last time Hickok was ever involved in a gunfight; the accidental death of Deputy Williams was an event that haunted Hickok for the remainder of his life. She appears to have finally learned the truth by the time she died in 1980, for her death certificate correctly lists her mothers maiden name as Canary. Within a month of the birth, newspapers tracked her to a hurdy-gurdy house in Livingston. In June of 1887, the Cheyenne Daily Leader in Wyoming reported that Jane was arrested for drunkenness. "[citation needed]. Nick McGlashan loved his family, friends and fans. [82], At the time of this affair I was at a station farther west and reached this station just as Wild Bill was getting ready to go to Beatrice for his trial. In 1859, he joined the Russell, Majors and Waddell freight company, the parent company of the Pony Express. In 1941, Jean Hickok McCormick appeared in Billings, Montana. Red objects generally appear black in early photographs, as the photographic processes were insensitive to red light. Following his Civil War service, Wild Bill Hickok moved to Kansas where he was appointed sheriff in Hays City and marshal of Abilene. "The Girl and the Gunfighter: A Newly Discovered Photograph of Wild Bill Hickok. [52], In 1876, Hickok was diagnosed by a doctor in Kansas City, Missouri, with glaucoma and ophthalmia. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Zimmerman said that despite their closeness in age, he and Jessie didnt say much to each other. In December, the Rawlins Republican reported that Jane visited town with a little girl she had stolen. The child was no doubt Jessie, who was next seen with her mother in Ekalaka, Montana in 1894 by at least two people. [39] Three sheriffs had quit during the previous 18 months. Martha Jane Cannary (May 1, 1852 - August 1, 1903), better known as Calamity Jane, was an American frontierswoman, sharpshooter, and storyteller. A classmate later remembered the children teasing Jessie about her mother, throwing stones at her while shouting, Calamity Jane! By the age of 17, he was an excellent marksman. [21][22] Hickok, Wellman, and another employee, J.W. On July 21, 1865, frontier legend Wild Bill Hickok gunned down gambler Davis Tutt in what is often called the first "Wild West" showdown. This was his sixth murder. Less than a month after Hickok's death, the trial was found to have no legal status because Deadwood was located in Indian Territory - McCall's acquittal was deemed invalid. Several times he was arrested for vagrancy. It was here that he supposedly became romantically linked to Martha Jane Canary, also known as "Calamity Jane," but most historians discount any such amorous relationship between the two. They traveled to Deadwood, South Dakota, together and were acquaintances, but there is no evidence of a romance (especially on his part). He was the fourth son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok. [81], Hickok's birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial and is a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. On July 21, 1865, in a shootout in Springfield, Missouri, he killed David Tutt, a skillful gunfighter who had been flaunting the watch he won from Hickok in a poker game. Both of his parents loved each other very much and always remained together. A legend during his life and considered one of the American west's premier gunfighters James Butler (Wild Bill) Hickok was born May 27, 1837, in Troy . authorities, and after trial has been sentenced to death for willful murder. [9], Shortly before his death, Hickock wrote a letter to his new wife, which read in part, "Agnes Darling, if such should be we never meet again, while firing my last shot, I will gently breathe the name of my wifeAgnesand with wishes even for my enemies I will make the plunge and try to swim to the other shore. Between her birth in the 1850s and her death in 1903, Jane left a dizzying trail as she blazed around the west. Di Certo is the author of ten books and composer of three albums of children's songs. After his release, McCall had lingered in Deadwood for a short while before heading to Wyoming. It is a loose adaptation of Hickok's life, ending with his famous aces-and-eights card hand. Corrections? Jessie later said that the Deadwood Chief of Police wrote her about Janes death in 1903. and that Deft. [68], As I write the closing lines of this brief sketch, word reaches me that the slayer of Wild Bill has been rearrested by the United State [sic?] While a Jayhawker, he met 12-year-old William Cody (later known as "Buffalo Bill"), who, despite his youth, served as a scout just two years later for the U.S. Army during the Utah War. He replaced Tom "Bear River" Smith, who had been killed while serving an arrest warrant on November 2, 1870. [h], McCall's motive for killing Hickok is the subject of speculation, largely concerning McCall's anger at Hickok's having given him money for breakfast the day before, after McCall had lost heavily. Later that year he became a teamster with the great freighting enterprise Russell, Majors and Waddell, creators of the Pony Express, for which he was too tall and heavy to be a rider. . In 1954 an episode of Gunsmoke on CBS radio featured John Dehner as Hickok. No other woman in the American west possesses a more enigmatic legacy than Martha Calamity Jane Canary. Did such wagons actually exist? Hickok ran as an Independent; but lost to his deputy, Peter Lanihan, who ran as a Democrat. The son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok, he was by all accounts a master marksman from an early age. [58] Jane confirmed this account in an 1896 newspaper interview, although she claimed she had been hospitalized with illness rather than in the guardhouse. [46]:pp.5456[47], In August 1871, Hickok sought to arrest Hardin for killing Charles Couger in an Abilene hotel "for snoring too loud". The two men faced each other sideways for a duel. [67], After bragging about killing Hickok, McCall was rearrested. Doc Holliday did have a bad cough, as suggested in this episode, from his tuberculosis. [74] He wore his revolvers butt-forward in a belt or sash (when wearing city clothes or buckskins, respectively), and seldom used holsters; he drew the pistols using a "reverse", "twist", or cavalry draw, as would a cavalryman. Author McClaird theorised that Jessie, who had no birth certificate, said what she had to in order to receive financial assistance at her last residence in California. Still, feeling he had escaped punishment, McCall began to brag to anyone that would listen that he had killed Wild Bill Hickok. 1. Hickok remained in Hays through August 1868, when he brought 200 Cheyenne Indians to Hays to be viewed by "excursionists". "Wild Bill. It is believed that McCanles arrived at the station with his son, Monroe; his cousin, James Woods; and James Gordon, a man in his service. At the time of the so-called McCanles Massacre, Hickok was known as Duck Bill because of his sweeping nose and protruding upper lip (covered with a mustache later in life). On March 5, 1876, he married Agnes Thatcher Lake, an owner of a circus in Cheyenne, Wyoming territory. More concrete evidence of Jessie came from Charles Zimmerman, who remembered Jane and her daughters frequent visits to his familys ranch near Billings, Montana in 1893. Hickok was a favourite of Custer and his wife, Libbie, who described him as a delight to look upon. Hickoks physical appearance was by many accounts arresting. By 1942 Jessie had changed her story, perhaps at McCormicks urging. Hickok, just a stable-hand at the time, killed the three men, despite being severely injured. "Wild Bill and the Timber Thieves. The cemetery was moved in 1881, and when McCall's body was exhumed, the noose was found still around his neck.[69]. The watch had great sentimental value to Hickok, so he asked Tutt not to wear it in public. What do you know about Pete Spence, a member of the Cowboys of Tombstone? He died in 1887. Despite his reputation,[70] Hickok was buried in the Ingelside Cemetery, Deadwood's original graveyard. He was sentenced to death on January 3, 1877 and on March 1, 1877 he was executed by hanging. shot Tutt to prevent the threatened impending injury [then] the jury will acquit.". [citation needed], Henry M. Stanley, of the Weekly Missouri Democrat, reported Hickok to be "an inveterate hater of Indian People", perhaps to enhance his reputation as a scout and American fighter, but separating fact from fiction is difficult considering his recruitment of Indians to cross the nation to appear in his own Wild West show. At Bridger, Montana, Jane moved in with a cowboy named Robert Dorsett. Jan MacKell Collins is the author of numerous books about the Old West, the latest isLost Ghost Towns of Teller County. Hickok is known to have fatally shot six men and is suspected of having killed a seventh (McCanles). While at Castle City Jane went to Gilt Edge, some two hundred miles away, where she was jailed for being drunk. McCall shot Hickok from behind as he played poker at Nuttal & Mann's Saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory on August 2, 1876. What was the relationship between Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane? [13][14] He was also known before 1861 among Jayhawkers as "Shanghai Bill" because of his height and slim build. [33], In September 1865, Hickok came in second in the election for city marshal of Springfield. He traveled west to Deadwood, South Dakota, in a wagon train that included Martha Jane Cannary (Calamity Jane), who later claimed she had secretly married him. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}10 Black Pioneers in Aviation Who Broke Barriers. The bullet emerged through his right cheek and struck another player, riverboat Captain William Massie, in the left wrist. She was Maude Weir, born in 1881. Did Wild Bill Hickok have children? [50] The two entrepreneurs had painted a picture of a bull with a large erect penis on the side of their establishment as an advertisement. He afterward resumed using his given name, James Hickok. He was the son of William Alonzo and Polly Butler Hickok (Fishwick). The incident helped contribute to the overall failure of the show. i have been told that Wild Bill Hickok is my great great great (i don't know how many greats) uncle, and i haven' been able to find out if any of his brotherrs had kids. . 3. Personal account of the foreman of the Overland Stage Company stations, as given to, Judge Boyd told the jury, "The defendant cannot set up justification that he acted in self-defense if he was willing to engage in a fight with the deceased. The episode correctly relates Hickok's vision problems late in his life, and also includes his murderer, Jack McCall, in a highly fictionalized role. Tutt reached for his pistol but Hickok was the first to draw his weapon, and shot Tutt instantly, from approximately 75 yards. He is said to have wrestled a bear But Coe "reckoned without his host". Overall, it was reported that Hickok had killed over 100 men during his lifetime. Playing cards with his back to the door, Hickok had no clue that he was about to be murdered. Leaving Springfield, he was recommended for the position of deputy federal marshal at Fort Riley, Kansas. In 1871 he took over as the marshal of the tough cow town of Abilene, Kansas. [46]:4558[48] A newspaper reported, "A man was killed in his bed at a hotel in Abilene, Monday night, by a desperado called 'Arkansas'. Some said the two men fought over a card game, while others attributed the duel to competition for the attention of a woman named Susannah Moore. setTimeout(function(){var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src","https://sample.dragonforms.com/getEmbeddedClientScript.do?embeddedsite=TW_dispatch_nl"),t.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.body.appendChild(t)},5); Become a subscriber today and youll recieve a new issue every month plus unlimited access to our full archive of backlogged issues. [j] Utter supervised the move and noted that, while perfectly preserved, Hickok had been imperfectly embalmed. Not wasting a second, he quietly drew his revolver and shot Hickok in the back of the head, instantly killing him. Classmate Mary Connolly remembered Jessie, saying, we all played hopscotch and jumped rope on the playground. But mother and daughter eventually left town again. He left his wife a few months later to seek his fortune in the goldfields of South Dakota. This cemetery filled quickly, and in 1879, on the third anniversary of Hickok's original burial, Utter paid to move Hickok's remains to the new Mount Moriah Cemetery. "Dead man's hand" was an established poker. After in inquest where other incidents of Hickoks brand of frontier justice was revealed, he was relieved of his duties. Had killed over 100 men during a shootout in Nebraska, two days later, Hickok known. 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