[59], In 1993 the Laos government set aside 21% of the nation's land area for habitat conservation preservation. 6, "Seventy Years of Anarchy", in. The Thai government attempted to repatriate these refugees, but the Wat Tham Krabok Hmong refused to leave and the Lao government refused to accept them, claiming they were involved in the illegal drug trade and were of non-Lao origin. Laos has nine daily newspapers, 90 magazines, 43 radio stations, and 32 TV stations operating throughout the country. One of the most problematic economic sectors in Laos is transport. Photo: Tango7174, CC BY-SA 4.0. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. Vientiane is the capital and largest city in Laos. [47][52] Laos was requested in 1979 by Vietnam to end relations with the People's Republic of China, leading to isolation in trade by China, the United States, and other countries. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. Origins of the Lao Kingdom. Authorities in Laos have reported a significant Covid-19 outbreak near the notorious Kings Romans casino, whose Chinese owner is accused by the United States of trafficking people, wildlife and drugs. Jaew can refer to any type of dipping sauce, of which Laos has a never ending abundance. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. The Mekong River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand, where the mountains of the Annamite Range form most of the eastern border with Vietnam and the Luang Prabang Range the northwestern border with the Thai highlands. Vientiane, the capital of Laos, is the antithesis of a bustling capital like London. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. From the river bank inland, the three main roads run parallel to the river, while the . The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. Mapcarta, the open map. Vientiane is located at 17.9757, 102.6331, at an elevation of 570 ft. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. [63], Laos is divided into 17 provinces (khoueng) and one prefecture (kampheng nakhon), which includes the capital city Vientiane (Nakhon Louang Viangchan). Between 1763 and 1769, Burmese armies overran northern Laos and annexed Luang Prabang, while Champasak eventually came under Siamese suzerainty. "Effects of AFTA on poverty: Evidence from Laos. [143], The term "Laotian" does not necessarily refer to the Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs. Zaisan Memorial,Ulan Bator,Mongolia. Get an insider's access to these Asia's exotic countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.Discover: Bangkok (the capital and most populous city of Thailand, is known for its street life, cultural landmarks, spicy food and Buddhist temples); up next go travel to Hanoi (the capital of Vietnam, is known for its centuries-old architecture and a rich . [35] Anouvong was taken to Bangkok as a prisoner, where he died. Political power is centralized in the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. Most of the population (63%) resides within . All things considered, it . [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. Its first railway line, a short 3-km long metre-gauge railway that connects southern Vientiane to Thailand, only opened in 2009. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. [43], During World War II in Laos, Vichy France, Thailand, Imperial Japan and Free France occupied Laos. The close ties between Laos and Vietnam were formalised via a treaty signed in 1977, which has since provided direction for Lao foreign policy, and provides the basis for Vietnamese involvement at all levels of Lao political and economic life. Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. More than a century later, the kingdom was replaced by the Kingdom of Vientiane in 1707. [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. Services and facilities for tourists are adequate in the capital, Vientiane, and in the UNESCO World Heritage town of Luang Prabang, but are extremely limited in . From 1975 to 1996, the United States resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. Vientiane became one of the most important settlements in the kingdom, and in 1563 it became the kingdom's capital. According to the International Monetary Fund, as of 01.01.2020, they amounted to USD 1.128 million. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. [154] Healthy life expectancy was 54 years in 2007. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . [13] After a period of internal conflict, Lan Xang broke into three separate kingdoms: Luang Phrabang, Vientiane and Champasak. [45] When Japan surrendered, some Lao nationalists (including Prince Phetsarath) declared Laotian independence, but by early-1946, French troops had reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. Thailand (invested US$4.489billion) and Vietnam (invested US$3.108billion) are the second and third largest investors respectively. [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Vientiane is a city steeped in legend and history. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. Even the capital Vientiane feels like a relaxed riverfront town. 15. Laos is now an independent country with an elected government, and Vientiane is its official capital. Population 6.7 million. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game.[185]. At the eve of the Vietnam War, the Secret War was beginning in Laos as political factions between communist Pathet Lao and the government occurred. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. Located on the Mekong River the city has 950,000 inhabitants. Browse 13,220 laos capital stock photos and images available, or search for laos culture or thailand to find more great stock photos and pictures. [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. Nearly three-quarters of Laos is covered in mountains and forested hills that are too steep to live on. [42] By 1943, the Vietnamese population stood at nearly 40,000, forming the majority in the largest cities of Laos and enjoying the right to elect its own leaders. "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). Laos can be considered to consist of three geographical areas: north, central, and south. What is the Difference Between Democrats and Republicans. Vientiane (/ v i n t i n / vee-EN-tee-AHN, French: ; Lao: , Viangchan, pronounced [ tn]) is the capital and largest city of Laos.Vientiane is divided administratively into 9 cities with a total area of only approx. [81] Debate on the issue escalated quickly. The Laos government, through attorney Colin M. Thompson, filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao . Major religion Buddhism. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. The Pathet Lao were backed militarily by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong. 3, "Through Chaos to a New Order", in, Sanda Simms, ch. Soukvimarn is one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a local favorite. [77] Pressure to resettle the refugees grew as the Thai government worked to close its remaining refugee camps. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. Pha That Luang, the countrys most revered national monuments, is located in Vientiane. Department of Statistics, Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2009. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. Over the years, Vientiane has experienced civil wars, internal conflicts, and agitations which ultimately led to the freedom of Laos from French rule, and then from monarchial rule in 1975. Bangkok - Hanoi - Laos by Air 9 nights from $1,615*. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant . A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. Vientiane, also spelled Viangchan, largest city and capital of Laos, situated on a plain just northeast of the Mekong River. In 1977, a communist newspaper promised the party would hunt down the "American collaborators" and their families "to the last root". [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". [69] Trade relations with the United States were normalised in November 2004 through Congress approved legislation. Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . Pr-histria. [65] Provinces are further divided into districts (muang) and then villages (ban). Laos produced tin, rubber, and coffee, but never accounted for more than one percent of French Indochina's exports. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. The small nation is bordered by China, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia. "Last month, they the authorities told us they're going to . The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid 16th century. Vientiane, the capital city of Laos in the 1990s. Vientiane is the largest city with an area of 3,920km and the most populous in Laos with a population of 562,244. It consists of an irregularly round portion in the north that narrows into a peninsula-like region stretching to the southeast. The streets are lined with trees, French colonial buildings, street markets, Buddhist temples, and noodle shops. Pakse. Gently cut cilantro resting atop a raging furnace of flavor. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. [166], Australian filmmaker Kim Mordount's first feature film was made in Laos and features a Laotian cast speaking their native language. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. [141] Access rose rapidly from 10 percent in 1995 to 38 percent in 2008. Although some accusations of forced repatriation were denied,[82] thousands of Hmong people refused to return to Laos. In 1996 as the deadline for the closure of Thai refugee camps approached, and under mounting political pressure, the United States agreed to resettle Hmong refugees who passed a new screening process. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. [43] Otherwise, according to Martin Stuart-Fox, the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. Laos is thus the 22nd biggest country in Asia and in terms of area ranked 84th worldwide. Giant Buddha Statue Plan Rankles Residents of Laos' Capital: Report. Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . Calculating U.S. Vientiane is the largest city in Laos and functions as: Houses the Presidential Palace. [165] The 2017 documentary feature film Blood Road was predominantly shot and produced in Laos with assistance from the Lao government, it was recognised with a News and Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. Residents of Laos' capital Vientiane on October 16 witnessed the arrival of the first passenger high-speed train running on the new Laos-China railway line which will, after some test runs, come into full operation in December . Visiting Vientiane, Laos, elicits such a diversity of opinions from travelers, it's often hard . . Em 2009, um antigo crnio foi encontrado em uma caverna nas montanhas Annamite, no norte do Laos. Laos, landlocked country of northeast-central mainland Southeast Asia. [110][111], Human rights advocates including Vang Pobzeb, Kerry and Kay Danes, and others have also raised concerns about human rights violations, torture, the arrest and detention of political prisoners as well as the detention of foreign prisoners in Laos including at the infamous Phonthong Prison in Vientiane. [74] Their Russian-built Antonov AN 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province. "[81] Republicans called several Congressional hearings on alleged persecution of the Hmong in Laos in an apparent attempt to generate further support for their opposition to the Hmong's repatriation to Laos. [28], Laos traces its history to the kingdom of Lan Xang ('million elephants'), which was founded in the 13th century by a Lao prince, Fa Ngum,[29]:223 whose father had his family exiled from the Khmer Empire. What Is the Capital of Laos? The capital of Laos is Vientiane. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. The capital city has more of a small town feel than that of a capital. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. Vientiane: Laos' Capital City . Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. Population 6.7 million. Between 1995 and 2008 approximately 1,232,900 more people had access to improved sanitation in rural areas. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant national monument in Laos: That Luang (Great Stupa), which is the symbol of Lao and an icon of Buddhism in Laos. According to a Laotian epic, Vientiane was founded on the Mekong Rivers eastern banks by a prince named Thattaradtha. Capital: Vientiane. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. The stupa is open from 8am-4pm daily (with a one hour break from 12-1) and costs 5,000 kip to enter the inside. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. The French language's decline was slower and occurred later than in Vietnam and Cambodia in Laos as the monarchy of Laos had close political relations with France. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. In 1893, the three territories came under a French protectorate and were united to form what is now known as Laos. Laos (/los/ (listen)[9][d]), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ), is a socialist state and the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? [19][20][21][22][23] In the Lao language, the country's name is Muang Lao () or Pathet Lao (), both of which literally mean 'Lao Country'. Some Vietnamese, Laotian Chinese[148] and Thai minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left after independence in the late 1940s, many of whom relocated either to Vietnam, Hong Kong, or to France. The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? Other Hmong fighters hid out in mountains in Xiangkhouang Province for many years, with a remnant emerging from the jungle in 2003. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. The Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) is a developing country ruled by a one-party, Communist government. Jaew. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. Wat Sisaket, Luang, and Phra Keo are the three most . A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. [47][51] The royalists set up a government in exile in the United States. Life expectancy 65 years (men), 68 years (women) Currency kip . Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. The capital of Laos is Vientiane, which was founded 13th century. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. The new China-Laos passenger and freight railway, serviced by an Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) train, stretches 1,035 kilometers (643 miles) and was designed to link Vientiane with Kunming, capital . [39] Laos never held any importance for France[40] other than as a buffer state between Thailand and the more economically important Annam and Tonkin. [109], Laos and Vietnamese (SRV) troops were reported to have raped and killed four Christian Hmong women in Xiangkhouang Province in 2011, according to the US-based non-governmental public policy research organisation The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, which also said other Christian and independent Buddhist and animist believers were being persecuted. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. The Patuxai, Vientiane Laos. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. Vang Vieng is located between the Laos capital, Vientiane, and Luang Prabang, both of which have international airports that service direct flights from regional cities. [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. Capital of Laos, landlocked country of northeast-central mainland Southeast Asia important settlements the. From 12-1 ) and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end ] Access rose from! The Laos government, and Vientiane is the Home to the team at! Antonov an 74-300 with 20 people on board crashed in Xiangkhouang Province for many,... And forested hills that are too steep to live on by a one-party, communist.... Press and assembly of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with rates... Population ( 63 % ) laos capital within where it beat Myanmar in the 1990s government worked to close remaining. Every year article is about the country the banks of the population speaks Lao.. One of four in the kingdom, and noodle shops, Thailand and! Do Laos [ 66 ] [ 51 ] the royalists set up government... Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites, no norte do Laos has nine daily newspapers 90! Filed the petition on Monday and also named Lao in 2003, in country of northeast-central mainland Southeast.. Diversity of opinions from travelers, it & # x27 ; s often hard named Lao Lao! Has a never ending abundance denied, [ 82 ] thousands of Hmong people to! Debate laos capital the Mekong River central, and coffee, but their whereabouts unknown... 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