The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. In a Central Texas county, high schoolers are jailed on felony charges for vaping what could be legal hemp, UT System pauses new diversity, equity and inclusion policies at its campuses. Jim Ferguson so enormously popular 100 years ago. Bridges can be reached by email at drkenbridges@gmail.com. He had been an opponent of Ferguson for the Democratic party's nomination for governor in 1914.[11]. To be the Democratic nominee for governor was the same as being elected governor. Senators will then act as jurors while the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. Scandals of all sorts, from the brazen to the bizarre, have occurred for decades at all levels. Winds light and variable.. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. It was, in his mind, absolute. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. James Ferguson. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. Ma placed a distant fifth. As Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, a core source of original meaning, the framers "borrowed" the model from the English.And, as Raskin pointed . [15][16] No unelected official in Texas has ever been successfully impeached or removed from office. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. July 2, 20146 AM Central. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. Almost a century later, the impeachment of Ferguson by the Texas House of Representatives presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing Hall saga. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . ex-governor banned from holding state office. At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. . Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. Ferguson, had a stormy two-term reign and was impeached in 1917 over charges of misappropriation of funds regarding the University of Texas as well as embezzlement. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. He was popular for his folksy charm across. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still very popular among his hard-core supporters and rallied back. The regents refused. The most that the select committee can do would be to recommend to the full state house that articles of impeachment be drafted. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. In addition, he established Farmers State Bank. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin, Liberal Arts Instructional Technology Services. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Ferguson's attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach Ferguson. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. Dictionaries thesauruses pictures and press releases. Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). Jim Pa Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. 2] THE IMPEACHMENT OF JAMES E. FERGUSON I85 there, was immediately converted to the legal profession. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. Similarly, the Texas Constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor and statewide elected officials. Encyclopedia.com. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. | Hilder submitted the report to the legislative committee. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. Get up-to-the-minute news sent straight to your device. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. Gov. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Fergusons political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, womens enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. He gave a speech in his own defense and blamed the charges on that N-word loving senator from the north, Senator Johnson. Not Lyndon. [8] Hall, as an individual citizen, filed FOIA requests with the University system after his inquiries via his role as a Regent were rebuffed. Vinson asked what they had done to deserve it and he said, I dont need a reason, Im the governor.. In 1917, Gov. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. He submitted his resignation the day before he was scheduled to be formally convicted. During Ferguson's first term, the legislature passed several measures of major importance. But in the midst of this personal war he had sparked with the flagship university in Austin, Ferguson appeared before a Travis County grand jury and was indicted on nine charges. Low 54F. He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. In the United States legal tradition, impeachment is comparable to an indictment in a criminal court. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; What's on my ballot? Five of the articles sustained by the Senate charged Ferguson with the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the University, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 in currency from a source that he refused to reveal. The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. U.S. President | Cities | Its hard not to like the down-home folksy style that made Texas Gov. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. In 1935, the Fergusons lost their ranch in Bell County because of financial troubles during the Great Depression. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. (renews at {{format_dollars}}{{start_price}}{{format_cents}}/month + tax). He was an avowed enemy of the KKK, but to hear him talk about black people, youd have thought he had earned his hood. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. Please visit the expanded Texas Politics Project website to learn more about our updated webtext and to find additional educational resources. . After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. Despite his resignation, the State Senate voted 25-3 to convict, which meant that Ferguson could not seek another public office in Texas. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. Ferguson declared that the legislature constituted little more than a "kangaroo court," but only a few He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Elected in 1914 and re-elected in 1916, he faced 21 articles of impeachment and resigned during the trial in the Senate on September 24, 1917, one day before the Senate voted to remove him from office and disqualify him from holding office again. The account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. In sum, his down-home authenticity faded away to reveal a man who was mostly a fraud. Advocates are pushing for legislation to help them. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. Ferguson was also surpassed by three other unsuccessful candidates: Ferguson failed at his bid for the United States Senate in 1922, having lost in the Democratic runoff election to Earle Bradford Mayfield. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. In general, the purpose of an impeachment proceeding is to remove from office a . Johnson Roofing built a business on topping off buildings, but when it comes to its legacy, Bill Johnson and daughter Sherri focus on the foundation. (b. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. He made only a few speeches and must have known long before the votes were cast that Mrs. Ferguson had no chance to win. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. State legislature | The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. But it is Hall not his political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment. Oklahoma has impeached and removed two governors, and West Virginia impeached four members of its State Supreme Court at the same time in 2018. Even during the workday Christina De La Cruzs family is rarely far away. The specifics are left to the state legislators to determine. by Nicole Shealy He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance and banking. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. ." Three new normal schools were authorized. The Texas Legislative Code governs the process by which the Texas State Legislature can be brought into special session to address an impeachment proceeding. [9] According to his accusers, Hall filed requests of more than 800,000 pages, which some Texas administrators called an unnecessary burden. Though Fergusons hatred for UT ran deep, he never fully explained his animus. The vote made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust or profit in the state of Texas. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. Ouida Ferguson Nalle, The Fergusons of Texas, or "Two Governors for the Price of One": A Biography of James Edward Ferguson and His Wife (San Antonio: Naylor, 1946). Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. ." He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. He was re-elected in 1916. Sam Houston With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. Amplify your impact and donate now. The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. Tags By W.F. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). Ferguson was convinced that Vinson was behind the protest. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. youngest governor in Texas history. He served 15 months as governor. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." System has not protected the privacy rights of students, staff, and patients. Donations by CCWH members and other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives. He claimed to be painstakingly honest; he was an embezzler. After all, he was known as Farmer Jim. Animals talk; all you have to do is listen. For Trey and Carol South, love of animals feeds their souls, and clients are assured their pets . "[3] In general, impeachments are a rare occurrence. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. He was a popular figure, signing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. Jim Ferguson got in trouble for throwing his weight around, and for using the publics money as a personal slush fund. Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. Ballotpedia features 395,442 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. Sam Houston's life was, Ann Willis Richards (born 1933) was elected Democratic governor of Texas in 1990, the second woman ever to hold that position in the state's history., American politician Nellie Tayloe Ross (1876-1977) gained fame in the 1920s when she was elected governor of Wyoming, becoming the first woman in the, Barbara Jordan (american Congressional Representative), Jordan, Barbara Charline Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. ." This ragtag pair, better known as "Pa . As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. he was accused of misuse of public funds following his call for a special legislative session When a governor is removed from office, resigns, or dies or becomes incapacitated while in office, who becomes governor? Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. Low 54F. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. The Constitution gives Congress the power of impeachment in federal cases. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly-contested race. Ferguson was indicted on charges including embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment. He blamed his directors for running a shoddy operation. Some legislators justified the impeachment on the grounds that Hall did not disclose several lawsuits that he was involved in when he originally completed his Regent background check. Ross Phares, The Governors of Texas (Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican, 1976). If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. The Ferguson controversy with the university brought renewed interest in the old charges, however, and at about the same time a number of new charges were made. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. Five concerned the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the university, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 ($2.9 million in todays dollars) from a source he refused to reveal. [5], He also became active in the Democratic Party and managed several local political campaigns. 2003, The Texas State Historical Association. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. The vote was 25-3. State and local courts | The Texas Senate, many of whom had served under William Harding Mayes and with whom Mayes maintained cordial relationships,[14] removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office under Texas jurisdiction. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. It proved his undoing. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. The vote was 25-3. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? And once again, there is talk of impeachment in the Legislature. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. He was re-elected in 1916. The Regents refused. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. His father died when he was 4. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and . The most discussed plank in his platform, which appealed especially to tenant farmers, proposed a law that would limit the rent charged by landlords and prevent the collection of bonuses. This is why I so often say, Im W. F. Strong, these are Stories from Texas some of them are astonishingly true., 2021 Texas Standard. Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. Ferguson cleverly resigned, claiming then that the Senate couldnt uphold an impeachment for someone who wasnt actually in office. Against a lawsuit filed to prevent the Texas Democratic Party from listing him on the primary ballot, Ferguson argued that his impeachment trial ended without a conviction or judgment because he resigned his office before the Senate decided the case. She would serve one more term as governor from 1933 to 1935. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. Kay Reed Arnold then follows the Ferguson story into the halls of academia at the University of Texaswhich Ferguson threatened to closesparking a fierce response by faculty, alumni, students, and, especially, the Womens Committee for Good Government. The legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. ii) During the period between World Wars I and II, James and Miriam Ferguson were the most powerful couple in Texas. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. Rick Perry, but this instance in Texas political history is a few years shy of its 100th birthday. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. The conviction forbade Ferguson to hold "any office of honor, trust, or profit" in Texas. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. The Texas State Legislature adjourned its regular session on May 27, 2013. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Millions of Texans have rare diseases. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. [10][11] However, a letter from University chancellor Francisco Cigarroa in February 2014 said that Hall likely requested fewer than 100,000 pages. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. Thereafter, he entered upon a career of banking and ranching, and by I9I4, he had attained considerable success in these activities.' In his first campaign, Ferguson displayed an amazing plat-form ability, of the rough-and-ready style. After an unsuccessful campaign for president in 1920, Ferguson ran the gubernatorial campaign of his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson, in 1924. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. In the wake of the controversy, issues from Fergusons past campaign for governor in 1916 came back into the spotlight. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. U.S. Congress | Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. Ferguson was removed from office and deemed ineligible to hold any position of honor, trust, or profit under the laws of Texas by the Court of Impeachment by a vote of twenty-five to three. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. 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